貧困大學生心理特點及應對策略

jinnianlai，pinkundaxueshengshuliangchengzhunianshangshengqushi。pinkundaxueshengshizhigaoxiaozhongjiatingjingjikunnan
，yinershenghuojiejushenzhiwulifudanxuezafeiyongdeyileiteshuqunti。xianshiqingkuangzhong，duoshupinkundaxueshengnenggouzhengshikunnan，ziliziqiang。danshi，yeyoubufenpinkundaxueshengwufazhengquemianduikunnan，beifuzhechenzhongdejingshenfudan，congeryinfaxinlizhangaihexinlijibing，yanzhongyingxiangqixueyejinbu、shenxinjiankangherengefazhan
，shenzhidaozhiweiguiweifa。bawopinkundaxueshengxinlitedian，tanxunjiejuepinkundaxueshengxinliwentidecelve，cujinpinkundaxueshengxinlidejiankangfazhan，shidangqiangaoxiaogongzuodeyixiangzhongyaoerjinpoderenwu。

貧困大學生的心理特點

自zi尊zun與yu自zi卑bei相xiang互hu交jiao織zhi。貧pin困kun大da學xue生sheng容rong易yi存cun在zai過guo度du自zi尊zun與yu過guo度du自zi卑bei的de心xin理li現xian象xiang。一yi方fang麵mian，由you於yu家jia境jing貧pin寒han
，部bu分fen貧pin困kun大da學xue生sheng對dui自zi己ji的de經jing濟ji狀zhuang況kuang感gan到dao自zi卑bei，擔dan心xin因yin此ci得de不bu到dao別bie人ren尊zun重zhong，自zi我wo認ren知zhi消xiao極ji。這zhe樣yang的de貧pin困kun大da學xue生sheng往wang往wang表biao現xian出chu悲bei觀guan失shi望wang
、精神萎靡、遇事退縮
、孤gu獨du痛tong苦ku的de消xiao極ji負fu麵mian情qing緒xu。另ling一yi方fang麵mian，貧pin困kun大da學xue生sheng往wang往wang注zhu重zhong臉lian麵mian，爭zheng強qiang好hao勝sheng
，不bu甘gan落luo後hou
，具ju有you強qiang烈lie的de自zi尊zun。不bu少shao貧pin困kun大da學xue生sheng肩jian負fu著zhe家jia庭ting和he社she會hui的de厚hou望wang，渴ke望wang通tong過guo自zi己ji的de努nu力li改gai變bian命ming運yun。而er同tong時shi，強qiang烈lie的de自zi尊zun使shi得de貧pin困kun大da學xue生sheng容rong易yi產chan生sheng極ji強qiang的de自zi我wo保bao護hu意yi識shi
，隻zhi接jie受shou成cheng功gong，不bu接jie受shou失shi敗bai，也ye就jiu形xing成cheng了le既ji自zi卑bei又you自zi尊zun、既堅強又脆弱的雙重性格。

自立自強與自我消沉兩極分化。由於家庭經濟狀況、生活環境、shenghuoyuelihexinggetezhengdebutong

，mianduijingjiyalishi，meigerenhuichengxianchubutongdexinlifanying。duoshupinkundaxueshengnenggouzhenxilaizhibuyidexuexijihui
，chikunailao，ziliziqiang。tamennenggoubaochipinghexintai，ganyuzhimianxianshibingkefukunnan，zhudongzhengquzhuxuedaikuanhebuzhu，yiyouyichengjiyingdejiangxuejin，jijicanyuqingongjianxue
，yongshijixingdonggaibianzijideshengcunzhuangkuang。yeyoubufenpinkundaxueshengmianduikunnanzibaoziqi、自zi我wo消xiao沉chen。他ta們men缺que乏fa克ke服fu困kun難nan的de勇yong氣qi，缺que乏fa改gai變bian命ming運yun的de毅yi力li和he決jue心xin，缺que乏fa擺bai脫tuo貧pin困kun的de具ju體ti行xing動dong，經jing濟ji上shang依yi賴lai被bei動dong救jiu助zhu，學xue習xi上shang缺que乏fa進jin取qu精jing神shen，生sheng活huo上shang缺que乏fa鬥dou誌zhi和he信xin心xin
，這zhe種zhong消xiao沉chen狀zhuang態tai嚴yan重zhong影ying響xiang著zhe他ta們men健jian康kang成cheng長chang。

ziwofengbiyukewangjiaoliuxianghuchongtu。kewangjiaoliushidaxueshenggongyoudetezheng，renjijiaowangdezhuangkuangkezhijieyingxiangdaxueshengdexinlijiankang。duoshupinkundaxueshengnenggouzhudong、reqingdicanjiaxiaoneifengfuduocaidehuodong，canyushehuishijianhuodong，peiyangzijidexingquheaihao，duanlianzijiderenjigoutongnengli。danbufenpinkundaxueshengyinneixinbeifuzhechenzhongdexinlifudan，bunenggouhenhaodichulirenjijiaowangguanxi，renjijiaowangzhuangkuangkanyou。kewangjiaoliu，danyoukongjushejiao、害怕歧視
、自我孤立、chenmoguayanchengweitamenzuimingxiandetezheng。zhezhongziwofengbiyukewangjiaoliudemaodunchongtu，geitamendailaixinlishangdeyayihejiaolv，erchangqiderenjijiaowangzhangaizehuidaozhiqiqingganhuangwu
、心情抑鬱和人格扭曲。

貧困大學生心理問題應對策略

goujianquanfangweijikunzhuxuetixi，weicujinpinkundaxueshengxinlijiankangfazhandiandingjianshidejingjijichu。pinkundaxueshengzuidadexinliyalilaiziyujingjikunnan，zheshidaozhixinliwentichanshengdezuizhuyaoyinsu。yinci，xiangjiejuepinkundaxueshengxinliwenti，shouxianyaojiejuepinkundaxueshengdejingjiwenti，zhejiuxuyaojianliquanfangweidepinkundaxueshengzizhutixi。zaishehuicengmian
，tongguowanshan“獎、貸、助、補、減、免”等助學政策，采用“一對一”或“一對多”社會幫扶
、申請企業讚助、設立貧困大學生資助基金、開辟助學貸款“綠色通道”等形式，為貧困大學生提供多方麵經濟援助。在學校層麵，設立獎學金、助學金、特困生補貼和貸學金製度
；給特別困難學生減免學雜費；開kai展zhan校xiao企qi聯lian合he
，為wei貧pin困kun生sheng尋xun求qiu勤qin工gong助zhu學xue崗gang位wei。在zai學xue生sheng層ceng麵mian，要yao正zheng視shi貧pin困kun和he挫cuo折zhe
，積ji極ji主zhu動dong參can加jia勤qin工gong助zhu學xue活huo動dong
，樹shu立li自zi強qiang自zi立li精jing神shen，形xing成cheng積ji極ji進jin取qu的de生sheng活huo態tai度du。

構gou建jian立li體ti化hua心xin理li救jiu助zhu體ti係xi，為wei促cu進jin貧pin困kun大da學xue生sheng心xin理li健jian康kang發fa展zhan提ti供gong良liang好hao的de心xin理li保bao障zhang機ji製zhi。因yin為wei成cheng長chang環huan境jing和he心xin理li輔fu導dao缺que失shi等deng原yuan因yin，一yi些xie貧pin困kun大da學xue生sheng不bu能neng正zheng確que認ren識shi和he評ping價jia自zi己ji，價jia值zhi觀guan扭niu曲qu，意yi誌zhi力li薄bo弱ruo
，心xin理li承cheng受shou能neng力li差cha，很hen容rong易yi出chu現xian心xin理li障zhang礙ai。解jie決jue這zhe些xie貧pin困kun大da學xue生sheng的de心xin理li問wen題ti
，就jiu需xu要yao構gou建jian心xin理li、思想、道德等方麵立體化的心理救助體係。一方麵，要建設一支以專職心理教師為骨幹的心理谘詢服務隊伍，建立貧困大學生心理谘詢機構

；建立健全心理谘詢機製，加強心理素質教育

，有針對性開展心理健康的診斷、fudaoyuzixun。lingyifangmian
，jiaqiangsixiangzhengzhijiaoyu
，cujinpinkundaxueshengxinlijiankangfazhan。jiaqiangpinkunguanjiaoyu
，shipinkundaxueshengzhengquerenshibingjieshouziwo
，gaibianbuliangxintai，zengqiangdikangcuozhedenengli
；加強人生觀
、價值觀和世界觀教育，使貧困大學生克服自卑心理
，培養自尊自強、自信自立的意識品質，培育積極向上、奮發進取的精神品格。

構(gou)建(jian)全(quan)局(ju)性(xing)心(xin)理(li)環(huan)境(jing)優(you)化(hua)體(ti)係(xi)，為(wei)促(cu)進(jin)貧(pin)困(kun)大(da)學(xue)生(sheng)心(xin)理(li)健(jian)康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)創(chuang)造(zao)和(he)諧(xie)的(de)社(she)會(hui)環(huan)境(jing)氛(fen)圍(wei)。貧(pin)困(kun)大(da)學(xue)生(sheng)心(xin)理(li)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)產(chan)生(sheng)受(shou)到(dao)外(wai)部(bu)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)性(xing)影(ying)響(xiang)。社(she)會(hui)貧(pin)富(fu)差(cha)距(ju)擴(kuo)大(da)、xuexiaowenhuahuanjingbuliang，zhexiewaibuhuanjingyinsuchengweixinliwentichanshengdeyouyin，daozhipinkundaxueshengxinlishiheng。yinci，jiejuepinkundaxueshengxinliwenti，xuyaojianlishehui、學校和家庭一體化的心理環境優化體係。在家庭環境方麵
，要創造和諧樂觀的家庭環境氛圍，促進孩子快樂健康成長；要采用正確的教育方式，使孩子保持積極向上心態。在學校環境方麵，學校要營造對貧困生理解、尊重和關懷的人際氛圍
，形成健康、融洽、和諧的校園環境


；教師應主動關心貧困生，建立良好師生關係，為學生作出良好示範；同學之間應相互平等
、相互尊重、相互信任。在社會環境方麵
，全社會都應尊重、關心和愛護貧困大學生，不用偏見和憐憫的態度對待貧困生
，創造有利於貧困大學生健康成長的良好社會環境。（虞嵐 作者單位：嘉興學院文法學院）